When I started my law practice a few years ago, I was certain that inscribed on some ancient legal manuscript were the words “Thou Shalt Bill Hourly.” I attempted to adhere to this widely accepted practice, but without much success. Had I joined a firm, as opposed to hanging out my own shingle immediately after law school, perhaps I would have developed a different view of hourly billing – or at very least, been forced to master the task. But despite the tips and tricks offered by experienced, well-meaning attorneys, as well as trying various software solutions, I failed miserably at keeping up with my hours. Simply put, the process of hourly billing felt unnatural to me.
Prior to joining the ranks of the legal profession, I found the attorney-client relationship to be somewhat intimidating; particularly with regard to the costs involved. I may have liked the person representing me, but I was uncomfortable with the process. I felt as though there was a wall between me (as client) and my attorney, due in a significant part to my concern about costs. Each time I thought of calling or emailing my attorney with a question or comment, or to simply get a status report, that wall grew ever larger.
Upon moving to the other side of the desk, I found the first question asked by most new clients was “how much will hiring you cost me?” When I quoted an hourly fee, I sensed an immediate shift in the dynamics of our rapport. Not because my hourly fee was shockingly high, but because of the total cost the client could incur was unknown. My clients seemed to be experiencing the same “wall” effect that I had experienced when I was in their shoes.
When I first mentioned to attorney-friends my disdain for hourly billing and my plan to convert my billing method to a flat fee only basis, responses ranged from the curious (“Really? How will that work?”) to the skeptical (“I don’t think that will work.”) to the offended (“If you do that you’ll devalue all of our legal services! And besides, it won’t work.”). Suffice it to say, there was not a lot of encouragement for my flat fee idea.
Determined to find support somewhere, I turned to the Internet. I began by searching for law firms in my practice area (transactional entertainment law) that used some type of flat fee billing method. To my surprise, examples were plentiful, with varied approaches to setting and implementing flat fees. When establishing the flat fees I charged my clients, I wanted to be competitive with the other attorneys in my practice area and region who charged hourly fees, while also being fairly compensated for the services I provided. After a considerable amount of research, I came up with the following questions, which I used as a guide to establish the flat fees for my practice:
- What types of documents / matters / clients do I see most regularly?
- Of these, how often am I drafting, and how often am I reviewing someone else’s draft?
- When I am drafting, which types of documents / matters / clients typically take the longest period of time, from initial meeting to execution? Which take the shortest period of time?
- When I am NOT drafting, which types of documents / matters / clients typically take the longest period of time, from initial meeting to execution? Which take the shortest period of time?
- When I am drafting, what is the most, least, and median amount billed for each type of document / matter / client? What are the variables of each?
- When I am NOT drafting, what is the most, least, and median amount billed for each type of document / matter / client? What are the variables of each?
- What other criteria may be most useful when establishing the flat fees I charge for my services?
- How do I determine the appropriate flat fee amount if I have not previously handled a particular type of document / matter / client?
Answering these questions to the best of my ability, and quantifying my answers, my findings included:
- Regardless of type of document / matter / client, in general, I spent more time (and thus billed my clients more) when I was NOT drafting.
- The amount billed correlated most directly with the length of the document as opposed to the type of document / matter / client.
- It may not be possible to establish a flat fee for every type of document / matter / client that I encounter; however, by defining those that I see most frequently, I can establish flat fees for over 70% of my work (I charge flat fees for the remainder of my work as well, but those flat fees are determined on a case by case basis).
Using my findings, I created a flat fee “rate card” for my legal services. I continue to tweak my flat fees, and also develop other means of billing (e.g. – charging a per page fee for some types of documents when I am not drafting; offering a lesser fee when I review a document and provide a written assessment to my client, but I do not handle the negotiation with the other party).
While there may not be one perfect legal billing system that works for everyone – flat fee or otherwise – and occasionally I may charge less than I would have, had I been billing hourly, I am now six months into what I refer to as my “flat fee freedom,” with no intention of returning to an hourly billing system.
